This test measures the following biomarker:

• Estradiol

  Estradiol is the primary form of estrogen produced by the ovaries. It is essential for reproductive health and pregnancy as it is one of the primary sex hormones responsible for ovulation. Estradiol levels drastically decrease after menopause. In addition to helping the brain and reproductive system function at their best, estradiol also affects bone formation, the development of secondary female sex traits, fat distribution, libido, and cardiovascular health.

• LH

  LH levels help women to determine when they ovulate, why they might have trouble getting pregnant, and to help to identify the cause for irregular or no periods, and to diagnose PCOS, and confirm and track menopause or perimenopause. LH levels are also used to measure health of the pituitary gland, to find pituitary tumors, and to enable evaluation of early or late puberty in children.

• FSH

  Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) is produced by the pituitary gland and plays a crucial role in regulating reproductive processes, such as egg development in the ovaries and sperm production in the testes. FSH is used to evaluate fertility issues, diagnose pituitary gland disorders, and diseases involving the ovaries or testes. It helps determine the cause of irregular or absent menstrual periods in women, assess menopause onset, and investigate delayed or early puberty in children.

• LH/FSH ratio

  The LH/FSH ratio measures the relative levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) to the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in the body. LH and FSH hormones are both secreted by the pituitary gland and play important roles in regulating the reproductive system. The LH/FSH ratio is typically used in the evaluation of certain reproductive disorders, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

• TSH

  Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that regulates the function of the thyroid. TSH controls the production of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which are essential for maintaining metabolism, energy levels, and overall hormonal balance. TSH is one test that is used to diagnose thyroid disorders such as hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) or hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid), Graves' disease, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and to monitor the effectiveness of thyroid treatment.

• Anti-mullerian hormone

  Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a hormone produced by the ovaries in females. It plays a crucial role in early development, but in adult women, it is a marker of ovarian reserve, reflecting the number of eggs remaining in the ovaries. AMH levels can be measured through a blood test and used to assess fertility potential, predict menopause onset, and diagnose certain ovarian conditions.

• Prolactin

  Prolactin plays an important role in men and in the function of the testicles, the production of testosterone (the main male sex hormone), and in sperm production. Prolactin levels can help to determine the cause of impotence (inability to have an erection during sex), reduced desire for sex, and infertility in males.

• Insulin

  Insulin is important for using and storing glucose, which is a type of sugar that comes from the food we eat and is the body's main energy source. After eating, food is digested and glucose enters into the bloodstream. Insulin helps move glucose out of the bloodstream into the body's cells, especially muscle cells, to make energy. It also tells the liver to change extra glucose into fat and carbohydrates.